The potential targets for the depigmenting and hyperpigmentation control agents include various cell receptor antagonists, inhibitors of melanocyte stimulation
Despite the limited evidence-based research on novel treatment approaches, several ingredients did show efficacy as depigmenting agents, including tyrosinase inhibitors
Recently, more than 50,000 compounds were screened for their ability to inhibit a recombinant human tyrosinase ( Cordes et al
Traditionally, melasma was treated with topical agents, including hydroquinone, tretinoin, glucocorticosteroids and various formulations; however, the
Inhibition of this oxidation reaction blocks melanin synthesis (Park and Yaar, 2012)
There were no differences in melanogenic protein expression between the two stimulants tested, alpha-MSH and IBMX
05% tretinoin, and 0
Azelaic acid 15 to 20% cream can be used in place of or with hydroquinone and/or tretinoin
Therefore, its inhibitors are extensively used in cosmetics and medicinal industries as depigmentation
The active site of tyrosinase consists of two copper ions, and each copper ion can engage in strong interaction with three particular amino acid residues, which are located in two antiparallel α-helices of the H subunit at an angle of nearly 90° (Fig
Tyrosinase is the central and rate-limiting enzyme in melanin biosynthesis
Hydroquinone on the other hand is the strongest Tyrosinase inhibitor of the two and as such it massively speeds up the the fading of dark spots
To investigate ne
This review focuses on the tyrosinase inhibition properties of a series of natural and synthetic, bioinspired phenolic compounds that have appeared in the
However, 50 percent Tretinoin is a valuable medication in treating mild, moderate, and severe acne that can be used topically or systemically
Despite the limited evidence-based research on novel treatment approaches, several ingredients did show efficacy as depigmenting agents, including tyrosinase inhibitors, substances that increase cell turnover, and plant derivatives