The macular changes range from severe crystalline retinopathy and cystoid macular edema with high Dec 15, 2021 · The common side effects of HCQ include gastrointestinal symptoms, nausea, diarrhea and vomiting that may resolve with continued use or require dose reduction
Materials & methods: TAM-SFN-NLCs were prepared using Precirol ® ATO5 and Transcutol ® HP, characterized and evaluated in vitro and ex vivo to assess the drug release profile and intestinal permeability, respectively
The reported
The most accepted mechanism of macular hole related to tamoxifen is Müller cell toxicity with retinal tissue loss
The most common ophthalmic manifestations include vortex
Tamoxifen retinopathy was diagnosed based on typical spectral-domain (SD) OCT findings, such as intraretinal cavitation, photoreceptor disruption, or both
Optical coherence tomography in tamoxifen retinopathy
Based on the case reports and studies performed to date on the retinal toxicity of tamoxifen, retinopathy appears to occur in as many as 12% of patients taking 20 mg tamoxifen a day for over 2 years
The risk of retinal toxicity was initially believed to be less than 1% after long-term (or a cumulative dosage of 1,000mg)
A defect on the outer retinal layer with disruption of the photoreceptor layer with sharp edges is seen
2,8,11,12 Cutaneous blue-gray pigmentations on the body are common, occurring in up to 25% of patients
Tamoxifen use (used in breast cancer treatment) increases the risk of toxicity approximately 5 fold) [8]
Available epidemiological data have shown that the
High-resolution, spatial domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging was undertaken
The keratopathy changes were Swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) OD with choroidal thickness measuring an average of 443 ± 44
C
Background Tamoxifen is used in low dose concentrations (20–40 mg per day) as a therapy for breast cancer but is known to have ocular side effects
12% versus 0
Her best-corrected visual acuity was 20/50 in the right and 20/100 in the left
Kim et al
Tamoxifen toxicity occurs by oral and intraperitoneal administration, in both sexes, in multiple strains, and does not depend on estrogen, though acid secretion inhibition is partially protective
Marmor said