Drugs that can trigger an oculogyric crisis include neuroleptics (such as haloperidol, chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, olanzapine), carbamazepine, chloroquine, cisplatin, diazoxide, levodopa, lithium, metoclopramide, lurasidone, domperidone, nifedipine, pemoline, phencyclidine ("PCP"), reserpine, and cetirizine, an antihistamine
Oculogyric crisis is an acute dystonic reaction of the ocular muscles characterized by bilateral dystonic elevation of visual gaze lasting from seconds to hours
The mechanism of oculogyric crises is
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HHS
An acute dystonic reaction is an acute medication-induced dystonia
It was initially observed in patients with postencephalitic parkinsonism, but since then a number of conditions have been associated with OGC
Following administration of metoclopramide, symptoms can take up to 36 h to appear, and are usually in the form of involuntary limb movements, facial grimacing, torticollis, oculogyric crisis, rhythmic protrusion of the tongue, bulbar type of speech, trismus, opisthotonus and rarely stridor and dyspnea which result from laryngospasm [5
OGC is most commonly described as the involuntary upward deviation of both eyes due to spasms and increased tone in the extraocular muscles
A 21-year-old woman developed abdominal pain and nausea 1 day after laparoscopic appendectomy
Oculogyric crisis was originally described in patients with encephalitis lethargica, but these occurs in 0
Symptoms of a metoclopramide-induced dystonic reaction include involuntary limb movement, generalized body stiffness, slurred speech, trismus, torticollis, and oculogyric crises, which can occur hours to days after the medication is delivered [ 7 ]
An acute dystonic reaction (oculogyric crisis) as a result of metoclopramide was diagnosed
It may occur in patients sensitive to: phenothiazines; haloperidol; metoclopramide; Rarely oculogyric crises are seen in cases of postencephalitic Parkinson's disease
The case of management and treatment of patients with AADC deficiency is presented and the patient’s condition was improved by using of combination therapy with pyridoxal‑5‑phosphate, pramipexole and selegiline
Many (but not all) affected individuals have pachygyria that is predominantly frontal, wasting of the shoulder girdle muscles, and sensory impairment due Anti-emetic therapy may be complicated by akathisia and dystonic reactions, which may affect the ongoing management of nausea and vomiting